Chapter 5 Notes

[1] Brown, Neil. “5 'Essential Understandings' of the Fact-Checking Movement.” PolitiFact, The Poynter Institute, 18 June 2014.

[2] McCarthy, Bill. “Larry Elder Mislabels Statistics on Fatal Shootings by Police.” PolitiFact, 5 June 2020.

[3] Staff, Washington Post. “Police Shootings Database 2015-2023: Search by Race, Age, Department.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 5 Dec. 2022.

[4] Fox News. “Rudy Giuliani Says Gov. Andrew Cuomo Should Remove Mayor Bill De Blasio.” Fox News, Fox News, 3 June 2020.

[5] McCaffree, K. & Saide, A. (2021). How Informed are Americans about Race and Policing? Skeptic Research Center, CUPES-007.

[6] Adair, Bill. “Principles of Politifact and the Truth-O-Meter.” PolitiFact, The Poynter Institute, 11 Feb. 2011.

[7] Rose, Lila. “Breaking: Colorado Governor Jared Polis Has Just Signed into Law a Bill Legalizing Abortions through All Nine Months, up until the Moment of Birth.” Twitter, Twitter, 4 Apr. 2022.

[8] Swann, Sara. “No, This Colorado Law Does Not Allow Abortions 'up until the Moment of Birth'.” PolitiFact, The Poynter Institute, 7 Apr. 2022.

[9] Kertscher, Tom. “Anti-Abortion Group Exaggerates How States Regulate Late-Term Abortions.” PolitiFact, The Poynter Institute, 12 July 2022.

[10] “Number of Homicides by Firearm in the U.S. 2021.” Statista, 19 Oct. 2022.

[11] Maxwell, Lesli, et al. “School Shootings in 2019: How Many and Where.” Education Week, Education Week, 22 Nov. 2022.

[12] Davis, Jack. “Nurse Claims Hospital Has 'Comfort Room' Where Babies Born after Failed Abortion Are Taken to Die.” The Western Journal, The Western Journal, 26 Nov. 2020.

[13] Gallup. “Abortion.” Gallup.com, Gallup, 15 Feb. 2023.

[14] Hunt, April. “Numbers Don’t Tell Whole Story on Mammogram Claim.” PolitiFact, 21 Aug. 2015.

[15] Moorhead, Molly. “Romney Campaign Says Women Were Hit Hard by Job Losses under Obama.” PolitiFact, 10 Apr. 2012.

[16] Stirgus, Eric. “Gingrich Uses Reagan Record to Make Case for His Campaign.” PolitiFact, 2 Mar. 2012.

[17] Jacobson, Louis. “Bill Clinton Says Democratic Presidents Top Republican Presidents in Job Creation.” PolitiFact, 6 Sept. 2012.

[18] Chen, Lanhee J. “Romney Campaign Email on Fact-Check of 92 Percent Claim.” PolitiFact, 11 Apr. 2012.

[19] Montgomery, Lori. “Obama Pleads for $50 Billion in State, Local Aid.” The Washington Post, 13 June 2010.

[20] Woodward, Calvin. “Fact Check: Romney’s Skewed Case on Women’s Jobs.” Yahoo! News, 12 Apr. 2012.

[21] Montanaro, Domenico. “Fact Check: Romney’s Women Jobs-Loss Claim Paints Incomplete Picture.” First Read, 11 Apr. 2012.

[22] Kessler, Glenn. “Are Obama’s Job Policies Hurting Women?” The Washington Post, 10 Apr. 2012.

[23] “Two Tims.” YouTube, JD Vance for Senate, 23 Sept. 2022. Accessed 9 May 2023.

[24] Sherman, Amy. “What’s ‘Love’ Got to Do with It? AD Shows Ryan’s Support for Pelosi, but Omits Bid to Replace Her.” PolitiFact, 4 Oct. 2022.

[25] “Compare: Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) and Tim Ryan (D-Ohio).” ProPublica, 12 Aug. 2015.

[26] “Does Your Member of Congress Vote with or against Biden?” FiveThirtyEight, 3 Jan. 2023.

[27] “Donor Lookup.” OpenSecrets. Accessed 9 May 2023.

[28] “Roll Call 2 Roll Call 2, Bill Number: , 116th Congress, 1st Session.” Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, 3 Jan. 2019.

[29] “Roll Call 2 Roll Call 2, Bill Number: , 117th Congress, 1st Session.” Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, 3 Jan. 2021.

[30] “Ted Cruz, Ben Carson Sound off on First Democratic Debate.” Fox News, 14 Oct. 2015.

[31] Hinchliffe, Emma. “Sen. Ted Cruz Says the Democratic Party Is Shrinking.” PolitiFact, 15 Nov. 2015.

[32] Cillizza, Chris. “This Chart Shows Why Republicans Are in a Much Stronger Position than You Think.” Washington Post, 20 Oct. 2015.

[33] “Party Affiliation.” Gallup.Com, 20 July 2015.

[34] “Party Identification Trends, 1992-2014.” Pew Research Center - U.S. Politics & Policy, 7 Apr. 2015.

[35] Cassino, Dan. “Why Pollsters Were Completely and Utterly Wrong.” Harvard Business Review, 9 Nov. 2016.

[36] Hinchliffe, Emma. “Sen. Ted Cruz Says the Democratic Party Is Shrinking.” PolitiFact, 15 Nov. 2015.

[37] “The Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior.” ANES | American National Election Studies. Accessed 10 May 2023.

[38] Cruz, Ted. “Ted Cruz Facebook Page.” Facebook, 15 Nov. 2015.

[39] Khimm, Suzy. “The Sequester, Explained.” The Washington Post, 14 Sept. 2012.

[40] Moorhead, Molly. “Marco Rubio Says Sequester Was Obama’s Idea.” PolitiFact, 12 Feb. 2013.

[41] PolitiFact Staff. “Fact-Checking the 2020 Vice Presidential Debate, Kamala Harris vs. Mike Pence.” PolitiFact, 7 Oct. 2020.

[42] Calefati, Jessica. “Fact-Checking Trump’s Claim That Biden Would ‘immediately’ Eliminate Fracking and Mining in Pa..” PolitiFact, 25 Sept. 2020.

[43] Greenberg, Jon. “Biden Promise Tracker.” PolitiFact, 11 Jan. 2022.

[44] PolitiFact Staff. “Fact-Checking the 2020 Vice Presidential Debate, Kamala Harris vs. Mike Pence.” Politifact, The Poynter Institute, 7 Oct. 2020.

[45] "FULL TRANSCRIPT: Trump's exclusive 100 days broadcast interview with ABC News." ABC News, ABC News Network, 29 Apr. 2025.

[46] Ramirez Uribe, Maria. “No, Immigrants in US Illegally Aren’t Due Process Exempt.” Politifact, The Poynter Institute, 8 May 2025.

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