Chapter 16 Notes

[1] Adair, Bill, and Angie Drobnic Holan. “Lie of the Year 2011: ‘Republicans Voted to End Medicare.’” PolitiFact, The Poynter Institute, 20 Dec. 2011.

[2] Fiske, Warren. “National Republican Senatorial Committee Ad Says Stimulus Created ‘Zero Jobs.’” PolitiFact, The Poynter Institute, 21 Oct. 2011.

[3] Jacobson, Louis. “Jon Kyl Says Abortion Services Are ‘Well over 90 Percent of What Planned Parenthood Does.’” PolitiFact, The Poynter Institute, 8 Apr. 2011.

[4] Adair, Bill. “How We Chose the 2011 Lie of the Year.” PolitiFact, The Poynter Institute, 20 Dec. 2011.

[5] Ponnuru, Ramesh. “What ‘fact Checkers’ Call Lies, I Call Politics: Ramesh Ponnuru.” Bloomberg.Com, Bloomberg, 26 Dec. 2011.

[6] “Conspiracy Theory.” IMDb, IMDb.com, 8 Aug. 1997.

[7] “How Meta’s Third-Party Fact-Checking Program Works.” Facebook, Meta, 1 June 2021.

[8] Alliance Defending Freedom. “Abortion Drugs Are High-Risk. We Must Hold the FDA Accountable for Removing Commonsense Safeguards.” YouTube, YouTube, 5 Feb. 2024.

[9] “U.S. Food and Drug Administration V. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine.” Alliance Defending Freedom, Alliance Defending Freedom, 8 Mar. 2024.

[10] Morrow Hawley, Erin. “FDA’s Recklessness Continues for Now.” Alliance Defending Freedom, 17 Apr. 2025.

[11] Alliance Defending Freedom. “Abortion Drugs Are High-Risk. We Must Hold the FDA Accountable for Removing Commonsense Safeguards.” Wayback Machine, Internet Archive, 27 Feb. 2024.

[12] “Abortion | Medical Abortion.” MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Accessed 12 Mar. 2024.

[13] “Pregnancy Definition & Meaning.” Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster. Accessed 12 Mar. 2024.

[14] Rose, Lila. “Abortion Is Never Medically Necessary: Watch: The Direct, Intentional Killing of a Child in the Womb Is Never Medically Necessary. It Never Has Been, and It Never Will Be.: By Lila Rosefacebook.” Facebook, Young America’s Foundation, 8 Aug. 2019.

[15] Health Feedback. “Lila Rose Claim That ‘Abortion Is Never Medically Necessary’ Is Inaccurate; It Is Necessary in Certain Cases to Preserve Mother’s Life.” Health Feedback, 30 Aug. 2019.

[16] “PRH in Action.” Physicians for Reproductive Health, 19 Feb. 2024.

[17] Reproductive Freedom for All Foundation. “50 Years of Fighting for Reproductive Freedom.” Reproductive Freedom for All Foundation, NARAL Pro-Choice America Foundation. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.

[18] “Science Feedback Response to IFCN Questionnaire.” International Fact-Checking Network.

[19] The International Fact-Checking Network. “IFCN Concludes Its Investigation into Science Feedback Complaint.” Poynter, The Poynter Institute, 27 Sept. 2019.

[20] “Abortion: Medical Abortion: Medlineplus.” Medical Abortion | MedlinePlus, 30 Aug. 2019.

[21] White, Bryan  W. Received by International Fact Checking Network, and Baybars Orsek, Science Feedback Review Fail, 1 Oct. 2019. 

[22] Painter, Kim. “Doctors Say Abortions Do Sometimes Save Women’s Lives.” USA Today, Gannett Satellite Information Network, 22 Oct. 2012.

[23] “Facts Are Important - ACOG.” American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Feb. 2019.

[24] Kolb, Kendra. “The Pro-Life Reply to ‘Abortion Can Be Medically Necessary’: Abortion Is Never Medically Necessary to Save a Mother’s Life. Dr. Kendra Kolb, a Neonatalogist, Explains How to Debunk This Common Argument for Abortion." By Lila Rosefacebook.” Facebook, Live Action, 2 Aug. 2019.

[25] Levatino, Anthohy. “How ‘Life’ and ‘Health’ Exceptions Allow Abortion for Any Reason: Abortion Is Never Medically Necessary to Save the Life of a Mother. but New York’s New Law Permits Abortion until Birth in Cases of ‘Life’ and ‘Health.’...: By Live Actionfacebook.” Facebook, Live Action, 25 Jan. 2019.

[26] Gunter, Jen. “Abortions at or after 24 Weeks Are Sometimes Needed Medically. Anyone Who Says Otherwise Is Wrong.” Dr. Jen Gunter, 29 Jan. 2019.

[27] The International Fact-Checking Network. “IFCN Concludes Its Investigation into Science Feedback Complaint.” Poynter, 27 Sept. 2019.

[28] “Reject Extremism. Reject Biden and Harris.” Facebook, Women Speak Out PAC, 6 Oct. 2020.

[29] SBA Pro-Life America. “Here’s the Message We See in Our Facebook Ads Dashboard. Facebook Is Demanding That We Appeal the Rejection Not to Them, but to the Third-Party ‘Fact Checker’ @thedispatch Which Published the Inaccurate ‘Fact Check’ Article: Pic.Twitter.Com/Hvxsdvajhn.” Twitter, Twitter, 16 Oct. 2020.

[30] SBA Pro-Life America. “Screenshot: Facebook Has Flagged Our Ad as ‘Partly False,’ and Links to the so-Called ‘Fact Check’ Article: Pic.Twitter.Com/6iwktrbdfv.” Twitter, Twitter, 16 Oct. 2020.

[31] Himmelman, Khaya. “Do Biden and Harris Support Abortion 'Up to the Moment of Birth’?” The Dispatch, 13 Oct. 2020.

[32] SBA Pro-Life America. “Late-Term Abortion Ad Exposing Biden-Harris Extremism Censored by Facebook, Media.” SBA Pro-Life America, 16 Oct. 2020.

[33] DeSanctis, Alexandra. “Supporting Roe Means Supporting Abortion until Birth.” National Review, National Review, 16 Oct. 2020.

[34] Ponnuru, Ramesh. “Here’s Why They’re Right Https://T.Co/Ritfuz7mag 2/.” Twitter, Twitter, 16 Oct. 2020.

[35] Ponnuru, Ramesh. “Biden, Harris, and Abortions Late in Pregnancy.” National Review, National Review, 2 Sept. 2020.

[36] Hayes, Steve. “Update on Our Women Speak out Pac Fact-Check.” The Dispatch, 16 Oct. 2020.

[37] Valverde, Miriam. “Fact-Checking Pence’s Claim on Democrats and Abortion ‘up to the Moment of Birth.’” Politifact, The Poynter Institute, 9 Oct. 2020.

[38] Milano, Alyssa. “Show Me Your Masks! Masks Keep People Safe and Healthy. Show Me Yours! Ready? Go! #wearamask PIC.TWITTER.COM/MV9XANK9LL.” Twitter, Twitter, 23 May 2020.

[39] “Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with Higher Risk for Severe COVID-19: Information for Healthcare Professionals.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 12 Apr. 2024.

[40] “CDC Covid Data Tracker.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 Apr. 2024.

[41] Goldwasser, Max. “State Revises Mask Mandate for Outdoor Athletics after Summit HS Runner Collapses at Finish Line.” KTVZ, NPG of Oregon, Inc., 27 Apr. 2021.

[42] Tierney, John. “Much to Forgive.” City Journal, 20 Apr. 2021.

[43] Schwarz, S., Jenetzky, E., Krafft, H. et al. Corona child studies "Co-Ki": first results of a Germany-wide registry on mouth-nose covering (mask) in children. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 169, 353–365 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-021-01133-9

[44] Peeters, Carla, et al. “Psychosocial, Biological, and Immunological Risks for Children and Pupils Make Long-Term Wearing of Mouth Masks Difficult to Maintain.” The BMJ, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 9 Sept. 2020.

[45] Silke Schwarz, Ekkehart Jenetzky, Hanno Krafft et al. Corona children studies "Co-Ki": First results of a Germany-wide registry on mouth and nose covering (mask) in children, 19 December 2020, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-124394/v1]

[46] GreenMedinfo Research Group. “Mask Harms in Kids: 68% of Parents Report Alarming Psychological and Physical Problems in First-of-Its-Kind Study.” Mask Harms in Kids: 68% of Parents Report Alarming Problems In, 2 Jan. 2021.

[47] Ji, Sayer. “About Us.” GreenMedInfo, 13 Mar. 2013.

[48] “German Study Did Not Find Wearing Face Masks Harms Children; Study Wasn’t Designed to Accurately Test These Effects.” Edited by Flora Teoh, Science Feedback, Health Feedback, 6 Jan. 2021.

[49] “Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): Children and Masks.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, 7 Mar. 2022.

[50] Ong, Sandy. “Should Young Children Be Made to Wear Face Masks?” BBC News, BBC, 25 Oct. 2021.

[51] Rosen, Guy. “How We’re Tackling Misinformation across Our Apps.” Meta, 22 Mar. 2021.

[52] Tierney, John. “This Article Is ‘Partly False.’” City Journal, 17 May 2021.

[53] Schwarz, S., Jenetzky, E., Krafft, H. et al. Corona child studies "Co-Ki": first results of a Germany-wide registry on mouth-nose covering (mask) in children. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 169, 353–365 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-021-01133-9

[54] Kisielinski K, Giboni P, Prescher A, Klosterhalfen B, Graessel D, Funken S, Kempski O, Hirsch O. Is a Mask That Covers the Mouth and Nose Free from Undesirable Side Effects in Everyday Use and Free of Potential Hazards? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084344

[55] Mantas, Harrison. “Let’s Review Some Falsehoods about Masks.” Poynter, 29 July 2021.

[56] Stossel, John. “About.” Stossel TV, 26 Mar. 2021.

[57] Stossel, John. “Are We Doomed?” YouTube, YouTube, 19 Nov. 2019.

[58] The Heartland Institute. Accessed 22 Apr. 2024.

[59] The Heartland Institute. “Climate Challenge Live-Stream: Bright Lights, Big City ... Bigger Debate.” YouTube, YouTube, 24 Sept. 2019.

[60] “Video Promoted by John Stossel for Earth Day Relies on Incorrect and Misleading Claims about Climate Change.” Edited by Emmanuel Vincent, Science Feedback, Climate Feedback, 21 Apr. 2021.

[61] Stossel, John. “Climate Feedback’s Misleading Claims.” Stossel TV, 19 Jan. 2022.

[62] Stossel, John. “The Climate Censors.” YouTube, YouTube, 8 June 2021.

[63] Stossel, John. “Government Fueled Fires.” YouTube, YouTube, 22 Sept. 2020.

[64] Shellenberger, Michael. “On Behalf of Environmentalists, I Apologize for the Climate Scare.” Environmental Progress, Environmental Progress, 29 June 2020.

[65] “Article by Michael Shellenberger Mixes Accurate and Inaccurate Claims in Support of a Misleading and Overly Simplistic Argumentation about Climate Change.” Edited by Nikki Forrester, Science Feedback, Climate Feedback, 6 July 2020.

[66] Newsom, Gavin. “California Fires in 2019:- 4,927 Fires- 118K Acres Burned.California Fires in 2020 (so Far):- 7,606 Fires- 2.3 Million Acres Burned.CLIMATE. Change. Is. Real.” Twitter, Twitter, 8 Sept. 2020.

[67] “Climate Change, Forest Management and Several Other Causes Contribute to Wildfire Severity and Total Area Burned in the Western United States.” Edited by Nikki Forrester, Science Feedback, Climate Feedback, 16 Sept. 2020.

[68] Stossel, John. “The New Censors.” YouTube, 6 Oct. 2020.

[69] Johnson, Scott. “Responding to Stossel TV Video on Our Rating Process.” Science Feedback, 8 Oct. 2020.

[70] Meyer, Robinson. “Has Climate Change Intensified 2017’s Western Wildfires?” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 11 Sept. 2017.

[71] “Global Warming and Fire Suppression Practices Boost Wildfires in the US West, as Correctly Reported in the Atlantic.” Edited by Scott Johnson, Science Feedback, Climate Feedback, 11 Sept. 2017.

[72] “Signatories.” IFCN Code of Principles, The Poynter Institute. Accessed 29 Apr. 2024.

[73] Curry, Judith. “The Good News about Climate Change.” PragerU, 15 Apr. 2024.

[74] “No Evidence for a Significant Influence of Volcanoes or Solar Variability on Recent Climate Change Contrary to Judith Curry’s Claims in Prageru Video.” Edited by Darrik Burns, Science Feedback, Climate Feedback, 26 Apr. 2024.

[75] Chen, Bor-Chun, et al. “Efficient Object Embedding for Spliced Image Retrieval.” Arxiv, Cornell University, 28 Apr. 2021.

[76] “Here’s How We’re Using AI to Help Detect Misinformation.” AI at Meta, 19 Nov. 2020.

Likely the best book about fact-checking ever written.
Copyright © 2026 Matthew Hoy. All Rights Reserved.
Media Inquiries

For review copies, please contact me using the form at this link
For interview/podcast/media requests, please send an email to hoystory@gmail.com.