Chapter 18 Notes

[1] Baughman, Krista L., et al. “John Stossel v. Facebook, et. Al.” U.S. District Court, 22 Sept. 2021.

[2] Stossel, John. “Fighting Back with a Lawsuit.” YouTube, YouTube, 28 Sept. 2021.

[3] Brown, Neil. “5 'Essential Understandings' of the Fact-Checking Movement.” PolitiFact, The Poynter Institute, 18 June 2014.

[4] CourthouseNews.com. John Stossel v. Meta Platforms, Inc., et Al. 11 Oct. 2022. Accessed 26 Apr. 2024.

[5] Roos, Meghan. “Judge Dismisses Defamation Lawsuit Filed against Tucker Carlson.” Newsweek, Newsweek, 25 Sept. 2020.

[6] Maddaus, Gene. “OAN Loses Appeal in Defamation Suit against Rachel Maddow.” Variety, Variety, 17 Aug. 2021.

[7] “About Nieman Lab.” Nieman Lab, Nieman Foundation for Journalism. Accessed 2 May 2024.

[8] Sanford School of Public Policy. “Bill Adair.” Sanford School of Public Policy. Accessed 2 May 2024.

[9] Adair, Bill. “Fact-Checking Needs a Reboot.” Nieman Lab. Accessed 2 May 2024.

[10] Walker, Mason, and Jeffrey Gottfried. “Republicans Far More Likely than Democrats to Say Fact-Checkers Tend to Favor One Side.” Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 27 June 2019.

[11] Singal, Jesse. “Why Would I Possibly Trust Bill Adair or PolitiFact to Determine Which ‘misinformation’ Should Be ‘Suppressed’?”, Singal-Minded, 27 Dec. 2023.

[12] Richmond, Todd. “Feds Won’t Seek Charges against Cop in Jacob Blake Shooting.” AP News, AP News, 10 Oct. 2021.

[13] Hutchinson, Bill, and Emily Shapiro. “Kyle Rittenhouse Acquitted on All Charges.” ABC News, ABC News Network, 19 Nov. 2021.

[14] Elliot, Tom. “SUPERCUT! @JakeTapper Spreads The Big LIe.” Twitter, Twitter, 30 Jan. 2021.

[15] BeMiller, Haley. “Trump Paints False Picture of Rittenhouse Shootings.” Politifact, 1 Sept. 2020.

[16] Funke, Daniel. “‘Perfectly Legal’ for Rittenhouse to Carry a Gun? False.” Politifact, The Poynter Institute, 28 Aug. 2020.

[17] Richmond, Todd. “Explainer: Why Did the Judge Drop Kyle Rittenhouse Gun Charge?” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 15 Nov. 2021.

[18] “Straw Man.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Mar. 2024.

[19] Kruzel, John. “Rick Perry Wrongly Downplays Human Role in Climate Change.” Politifact, The Poynter Institute, 22 June 2017.

[20] Curry, Judith. “Consensus Enforcers versus the Trump Administration.” Climate Etc., 24 June 2017.

[21] Putterman, Samantha. “DeSantis’ False Claim about Florida Abortion Measure.” Politifact, The Poynter Institute, 30 Apr. 2024.

[22] “Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024).” Ballotpedia. Accessed 29 July 2025.

[23] “Constitutional Amendment Full Text.” MyFlorida.Com, Florida, 8 May 2023.

[24] “Doe v. Bolton.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Apr. 2024.

[25] “Donor Lookup - Caroline Corbin, Florida, EMILY’s List.” OpenSecrets.

[26] White, Bryan W. “Has a U.S. Physician under a like Clause Ever Defined ‘Health of the Mother’ so Broadly That a Court Disagreed?Kermit Gosnell Was Found Guilty Because the Court Believed He Killed Babies after They Had Departed the Womb.Https://T.Co/Avzt8yrjdf.” Twitter, Twitter, 1 May 2024.

[27] Foster, D.G. and Kimport, K. (2013), Who Seeks Abortions at or After 20 Weeks?. Perspect Sex Repro H, 45: 210-218. https://doi.org/10.1363/4521013

[28] “How to Cover Gun Violence and The Gun Debate in America (June 2022).” Poynter, 13 June 2022.

[29] Daly, Tim. “Gun Violence Prevention & Justice Reform.” The Joyce Foundation. Accessed 1 May 2024.

[30] “The 2022 Pulitzer Prize Finalist in Local Reporting.” The Pulitzer Prizes. Accessed 1 May 2024.

[31] Charles, Jake. “The Supreme Court’s Big Second Amendment Decision Is Wreaking Havoc on Gun Safety Laws.” Slate Magazine, Slate, 7 Oct. 2022.

[32] Charles, Jake. “The Supreme Court’s Big Second Amendment Decision Is Wreaking Havoc on Gun Safety Laws.” Slate Magazine, Slate, 7 Oct. 2022.

[33] Sullum, Jacob. “California Defies SCOTUS by Imposing Myriad New Restrictions on Public Gun Possession.” Reason.Com, 2 Dec. 2023.

[34] “Our Mission.” The Trace, 26 May 2015.

[35] “Daniel Webster.” Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Accessed 1 May 2024.

[36] “Profile: Abene Clayton.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media. Accessed 1 May 2024.

[37] “California Firearm Violence Research Center: UC Davis Violence Prevention Research Program.” California Firearm Violence Research Center | UC Davis Violence Prevention Research Program. Accessed 1 May 2024.

[38] “Donor and Financial Transparency.” The Trace, 12 July 2017.

[39] Kopel, Dave. “Dave Kopel Website.” Dave Kopel Website. Accessed 1 May 2024.

[40] “Stephen P. Halbrook.” Second Amendment Law Center, www.2alc.org/stephen-p-halbrook. Accessed 1 May 2024.

[41] “Don’t Come around Here No More.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Apr. 2024.

[42] “Brian Riedl.” Manhattan Institute. Accessed 2 May 2024.

[43] Jacobson, Louis. “Obama Says Stimulus Is Responsible for 2 Million Jobs Saved or Created.” Politifact, The Poynter Institute, 18 Feb. 2010.

[44] Riedl, Brian. “When Politifact Was Founded in 2007, Their Leaders Visited Me in Person to Recruit Me as One of Their ‘Go-to’ Fact-Checking Sources.I Eventually Quit Working with Them When It Became Clear That My Role Was to Provide Conservative Cover for Partisan-Left Fact Checks. (1/3) Https://T.Co/Rsgdn3lngh.” Twitter, Twitter, 30 Mar. 2021.

[45] Sherman, Amy. “The Facts about Georgia’s Ban on Food, Water Giveaways to Voters.” Politifact, The Poynter Institute, 29 Mar. 2021.

[46] Hart, Jason. “Politifact Ohio Still Cited as Objective despite Questions of Bias.” The Daily Caller, The Daily Caller, 8 Sept. 2012.

[47] Feran, Tom. “Fact-Checks by Tom Feran.” PolitiFact. Accessed 20 May 2024.

[48] Pearce, Tim. “Meet the Former Politifact Source Who Quit over Left-Wing Bias: ‘Wanted Me to Help Them Nail Republicans.’” The Daily Wire, The Daily Wire, 11 May 2022.

[49] Cannon, Michael F. “Why I’m Boycotting PolitiFact.” Cato @ Liberty, Cato Institute, 20 Apr. 2011.

[50] Watson, Kathryn, and Kaia Hubbard. “Biden Unveils Nearly $5 Billion in New Infrastructure Projects.” CBS News, CBS Interactive, 25 Jan. 2024.

[51] Klobuchar, Amy. “Nothing like Having a Beer with Some Great Union Workers and ⁦yes, That Would Be @joebiden⁩ in Superior, Wisconsin. ⁦@AFLCIO⁩ Pic.Twitter.Com/caMGiRXjPe.” Twitter, Twitter, 25 Jan. 2024.

[52] Emery, David. “Did Biden Wear a Hard Hat Backwards in Photo Op with Construction Workers?” Snopes, Snopes.com, 27 Jan. 2024.

[53] Emery, David. “David Emery, Author at Snopes.Com.” Snopes, Snopes.com. Accessed 29 Apr. 2024.

[54] “Hard Hat Faq.” Cooper Safety Supply. Accessed 29 Apr. 2024.

[55] Emery, David. “Did Biden Wear a Hard Hat Backwards in Photo Op with Construction Workers?” Snopes, Snopes.com, 27 Jan. 2024.

[56] Hemingway, Mark. “That Snopes Article Is a Really Good Example of the Overwhelming Desire of ‘Fact Checkers’ to Ride to the Rescue of Democrats. That Article Simply Doesn’t Get Written If a Republican Wears a Hat Backwards.” Twitter, Twitter, 27 Jan. 2024.

[57] Adair, Bill, and Pedro Echevarria. “Washington Journal: Bill Adair Discusses His Book, Beyond the Big Lie.” C-SPAN, 17 Oct. 2024.

Likely the best book about fact-checking ever written.
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